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This thesis forms the first detailed, scholarly account of the so-called ‘aktirovka’, or medical release practices in the GULAG in 1930-1955. It explores two interlinked lines of inquiry. The first concentrates on medical release as mendacity: an informal tool of the GULAG administration to reduce mortality rates. Terminally ill invalids, discharged early on medical grounds, died soon after release, but camp doctors deliberately excluded these fatalities from medical registries.