A typological approach to language change in contact situations

Language contact phenomena have been increasingly researched from different historical linguistic, sociolinguistic, and areal-typological perspectives. However, since most of this research is based on case studies, an assessment of contact phenomena from a world-wide comparative perspective has been missing in the literature. In this article, we draw inspiration from historical linguistics and language typology to present a new typological approach for evaluating evidence that given linguistic domains have been affected by language contact. This method has three parts: (1) a new approach to sampling, (2) the analysis of typological data, and (3) making probabilistic inferences about language contact. We argue that this is a parsimonious method for evaluating contact effects that can serve as a starting point for the further development of typological approaches to language contact.