Abstract

Opioids are effective analgesics in the management of severe pain. However, tolerance, leading to dose escalation and adverse effects are significant limiting factors in their use. The role of peripheral opioid receptors in analgesia has been discussed especially under inflammatory conditions. The results from pharmacological and conditional knockout studies together do not provide a clear picture of the contribution of peripheral opioid receptors on antinociceptive tolerance and this needs to be evaluated. Therefore, we studied whether the peripherally restricted opioid receptor antagonist, methylnaltrexone (MNTX), could prevent morphine tolerance without attenuating the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 7 days with increasing subcutaneous doses of morphine (5-30 mg/kg) and were coadministered saline, MNTX (0.5 or 2 mg/kg), or naltrexone (NTX; 2 mg/kg). Nociception was assessed with tail-flick, hotplate, and von Frey tests. Morphine, MNTX, and NTX concentrations in the plasma, brain, and spinal cord were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In acute coadministration, NTX, but not MNTX, abolished the acute antinociceptive effects of morphine in all nociceptive tests. The antinociceptive tolerance after repeated morphine administration was also prevented by NTX but not by MNTX. MNTX penetrated to the spinal cord and the brain to some extent after repeated administration. The results do not support the use of MNTX for preventing opioid tolerance and also suggest that morphine tolerance is mediated by central rather than peripheral opioid receptors in the rat.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Neuroscience Research
Volume100
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)329-338
Number of pages10
ISSN0360-4012
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2022
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Fields of Science

  • ANTINOCICEPTION
  • DOGS
  • INHIBITION
  • METABOLISM
  • MICE
  • N-METHYLNALTREXONE
  • NOCICEPTION
  • PAIN
  • PHARMACOLOGY
  • QUATERNARY NARCOTIC-ANTAGONISTS
  • RRID
  • SCR_002798
  • analgesics
  • drug tolerance
  • methylnaltrexone
  • morphine
  • naltrexone
  • opioid
  • 3112 Neurosciences
  • 3124 Neurology and psychiatry
  • 317 Pharmacy

Cite this