Genetically modified trees (concept; principles and applications)

This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of genetically modified trees, discussing basic principles, techniques, and their various uses. The significance of genetically modified trees in addressing global challenges like climate change, deforestation, and resource scarcity is highlighted. Key genetic engineering tools, such as Agrobacterium-mediated and particle-mediated gene delivery, are detailed for their use in various tree species. Techniques for regenerating and prop- agating transgenic trees, including micropropagation, de novo organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis, are explored. Targets for genetic engineering in trees—improved resistance to pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses, along with enhanced growth rates and wood quality—are critically exemplified. Future prospects and innovations in tree genetic modification are discussed, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to ensure environmental sustainability and socie- tal acceptance.