Over 20 years of observations in the boreal forest reveal a decreasing trend of atmospheric new particle formation

Xinyang Li; Haiyan Li; Lei Yao; Dominik Stolzenburg; Nina Sarnela; Lejish Vettikkat; Robin Wollesen de Jonge; Rima Baalbaki; Helmi Uusitalo; Jenni Kontkanen; Katrianne Lehtipalo; Kaspar Dällenbach; Tuija Jokinen; Juho Aalto; Petri Keronen; Siegfried Schobesberger; Tuomo Nieminen; Tuukka Petäjä; Veli Matti Kerminen; Federico Bianchi; Markku Kulmala; Lubna Dada

Over 20 years of observations in the boreal forest reveal a decreasing trend of atmospheric new particle formation

Xinyang Li, Haiyan Li, Lei Yao, Dominik Stolzenburg, Nina Sarnela, Lejish Vettikkat, Robin Wollesen de Jonge, Rima Baalbaki, Helmi Uusitalo, Jenni Kontkanen, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Kaspar Dällenbach, Tuija Jokinen, Juho Aalto, Petri Keronen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Tuomo Nieminen, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli Matti Kerminen, Federico BianchiMarkku Kulmala, Lubna Dada

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

New particle formation (NPF) events substantially contribute to the number concentration of atmospheric particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) which can further influence radiative balance and Earth's climate. Many short-term studies have found that sulfuric acid (H₂ SO₄) and highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are critical compounds in the early steps of NPF. However, it is not fully understood how NPF intensity and frequency respond to global warming and declining anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions, affecting HOM and H₂ SO₄ formation, respectively. Here, we report the results of long-term (over 20 years) datasets collected at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II (Hyytiälä, Finland). Owing to the significant contribution of HOM in the initial and subsequent particle formation and growth, we have derived a HOM proxy for conducting the long-term trend analysis. Measurement results together with modelled proxies reveal the declining trends of SO₂, H₂ SO₄, Condensation Sink (CS), NPF frequency and particle formation rate (J₃) along with increasing trends of monoterpenes and HOM.

Original language	English
Journal	Boreal Environment Research
Volume	29
Pages (from-to)	35-52
Number of pages	18
ISSN	1239-6095
Publication status	Published - 22 Jan 2024
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024, Boreal Environ. Res. All rights reserved.

Fields of Science

114 Physical sciences
4112 Forestry
1172 Environmental sciences

Access to Document

ber29-035-052Final published version, 1.78 MBLicence: Unspecified
ber29-035-052-supplementFinal published version, 692 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Li, X., Li, H., Yao, L., Stolzenburg, D., Sarnela, N., Vettikkat, L., de Jonge, R. W., Baalbaki, R., Uusitalo, H., Kontkanen, J., Lehtipalo, K., Dällenbach, K., Jokinen, T., Aalto, J., Keronen, P., Schobesberger, S., Nieminen, T., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V. M., ... Dada, L. (2024). Over 20 years of observations in the boreal forest reveal a decreasing trend of atmospheric new particle formation. Boreal Environment Research, 29, 35-52.

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title = "Over 20 years of observations in the boreal forest reveal a decreasing trend of atmospheric new particle formation",

abstract = "New particle formation (NPF) events substantially contribute to the number concentration of atmospheric particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) which can further influence radiative balance and Earth's climate. Many short-term studies have found that sulfuric acid (H2 SO4) and highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are critical compounds in the early steps of NPF. However, it is not fully understood how NPF intensity and frequency respond to global warming and declining anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, affecting HOM and H2 SO4 formation, respectively. Here, we report the results of long-term (over 20 years) datasets collected at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II (Hyyti{\"a}l{\"a}, Finland). Owing to the significant contribution of HOM in the initial and subsequent particle formation and growth, we have derived a HOM proxy for conducting the long-term trend analysis. Measurement results together with modelled proxies reveal the declining trends of SO2, H2 SO4, Condensation Sink (CS), NPF frequency and particle formation rate (J3) along with increasing trends of monoterpenes and HOM.",

keywords = "114 Physical sciences, 4112 Forestry, 1172 Environmental sciences",

author = "Xinyang Li and Haiyan Li and Lei Yao and Dominik Stolzenburg and Nina Sarnela and Lejish Vettikkat and {de Jonge}, {Robin Wollesen} and Rima Baalbaki and Helmi Uusitalo and Jenni Kontkanen and Katrianne Lehtipalo and Kaspar D{\"a}llenbach and Tuija Jokinen and Juho Aalto and Petri Keronen and Siegfried Schobesberger and Tuomo Nieminen and Tuukka Pet{\"a}j{\"a} and Kerminen, {Veli Matti} and Federico Bianchi and Markku Kulmala and Lubna Dada",

year = "2024",

month = jan,

day = "22",

language = "English",

volume = "29",

pages = "35--52",

journal = "Boreal Environment Research",

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Li, X, Li, H, Yao, L, Stolzenburg, D, Sarnela, N, Vettikkat, L, de Jonge, RW, Baalbaki, R, Uusitalo, H, Kontkanen, J , Lehtipalo, K , Dällenbach, K , Jokinen, T , Aalto, J , Keronen, P, Schobesberger, S, Nieminen, T , Petäjä, T , Kerminen, VM , Bianchi, F , Kulmala, M & Dada, L 2024, 'Over 20 years of observations in the boreal forest reveal a decreasing trend of atmospheric new particle formation', Boreal Environment Research, vol. 29, pp. 35-52.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Over 20 years of observations in the boreal forest reveal a decreasing trend of atmospheric new particle formation

AU - Li, Xinyang

AU - Li, Haiyan

AU - Yao, Lei

AU - Stolzenburg, Dominik

AU - Sarnela, Nina

AU - Vettikkat, Lejish

AU - de Jonge, Robin Wollesen

AU - Baalbaki, Rima

AU - Uusitalo, Helmi

AU - Kontkanen, Jenni

AU - Lehtipalo, Katrianne

AU - Dällenbach, Kaspar

AU - Jokinen, Tuija

AU - Aalto, Juho

AU - Keronen, Petri

AU - Schobesberger, Siegfried

AU - Nieminen, Tuomo

AU - Petäjä, Tuukka

AU - Kerminen, Veli Matti

AU - Bianchi, Federico

AU - Kulmala, Markku

AU - Dada, Lubna

PY - 2024/1/22

Y1 - 2024/1/22

N2 - New particle formation (NPF) events substantially contribute to the number concentration of atmospheric particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) which can further influence radiative balance and Earth's climate. Many short-term studies have found that sulfuric acid (H2 SO4) and highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are critical compounds in the early steps of NPF. However, it is not fully understood how NPF intensity and frequency respond to global warming and declining anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, affecting HOM and H2 SO4 formation, respectively. Here, we report the results of long-term (over 20 years) datasets collected at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II (Hyytiälä, Finland). Owing to the significant contribution of HOM in the initial and subsequent particle formation and growth, we have derived a HOM proxy for conducting the long-term trend analysis. Measurement results together with modelled proxies reveal the declining trends of SO2, H2 SO4, Condensation Sink (CS), NPF frequency and particle formation rate (J3) along with increasing trends of monoterpenes and HOM.

AB - New particle formation (NPF) events substantially contribute to the number concentration of atmospheric particles and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) which can further influence radiative balance and Earth's climate. Many short-term studies have found that sulfuric acid (H2 SO4) and highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are critical compounds in the early steps of NPF. However, it is not fully understood how NPF intensity and frequency respond to global warming and declining anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, affecting HOM and H2 SO4 formation, respectively. Here, we report the results of long-term (over 20 years) datasets collected at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) II (Hyytiälä, Finland). Owing to the significant contribution of HOM in the initial and subsequent particle formation and growth, we have derived a HOM proxy for conducting the long-term trend analysis. Measurement results together with modelled proxies reveal the declining trends of SO2, H2 SO4, Condensation Sink (CS), NPF frequency and particle formation rate (J3) along with increasing trends of monoterpenes and HOM.

KW - 114 Physical sciences

KW - 4112 Forestry

KW - 1172 Environmental sciences

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85195556680

SN - 1239-6095

VL - 29

SP - 35

EP - 52

JO - Boreal Environment Research

JF - Boreal Environment Research

ER -