Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders

Erik Cederlöf; Minna Holm; Anders Kämpe; Ari Ahola-Olli; Katri Kantojärvi; Markku Lähteenvuo; Johan Ahti; Jarmo Hietala; Katja Häkkinen; Erkki Isometsä; Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson; Olli Kampman; Kaisla Lahdensuo; Jouko Lönnqvist; Jari Tiihonen; Hannu Turunen; Asko Wegelius; Juha Veijola; Tuula Kieseppä; Aarno Palotie; Tiina Paunio

doi:10.1017/S0033291725000844

Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders

Erik Cederlöf, Minna Holm, Anders Kämpe, Ari Ahola-Olli, Katri Kantojärvi, Markku Lähteenvuo, Johan Ahti, Jarmo Hietala, Katja Häkkinen, Erkki Isometsä, Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson, Olli Kampman, Kaisla Lahdensuo, Jouko Lönnqvist, Jari Tiihonen, Hannu Turunen, Asko Wegelius, Juha Veijola, Tuula Kieseppä, Aarno PalotieTiina Paunio

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

Background Sleep problems are common in psychotic disorders and are associated with worse quality of life and disease prognosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed genetic influences for schizophrenia and sleep, but polygenic scores (PGSs) for sleep traits have not been evaluated systematically in patients with psychotic disorders. Methods This study investigated the associations between PGSs for sleep traits (insomnia, PGSINS; sleep duration, PGSSD; short sleep duration, PGSSS; long sleep duration; PGSLS), diurnal preference (eveningness, PGSME), and schizophrenia (PGSSZ) with clinical features of psychotic disorders in the Finnish SUPER study comprising 8,232 patients with psychotic disorders. The measures included self-reported sleep and well-being, cognitive assessments, clozapine use, and functional outcomes. Using FinnGen data of 356,077 individuals, we analyzed the distributions of PGSs in psychotic and bipolar disorders and the general population. Results PGSINS associated with more sleep problems and worse well-being (e.g. worse health-related quality of life [β = -0.07, CI = -0.09, -0.05, p < .001]). High PGSSZ is associated with better sleep quality, worse clinical outcomes, and performance in cognitive tests (e.g. more errors in paired-associated learning [β = 0.07, CI = 0.04, 0.09, p < .001]). PGSINS was higher in affective psychotic and bipolar disorders, while PGSSD and PGSME were higher in schizophrenia as compared with individuals with no psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Genetic risks for sleep and diurnal preference vary between non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, and the general population. The findings in this study emphasize the heterogeneity in genetic etiology of the objective features of disease severity and the more subjective measures related to well-being and self-reported measures of sleep.

Original language	English
Article number	e117
Journal	Psychological Medicine
Volume	55
Number of pages	10
ISSN	0033-2917
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000844
Publication status	Published - 15 Apr 2025
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.

Fields of Science

cognition
polygenic scores
psychotic disorders
schizophrenia
sleep
3124 Neurology and psychiatry

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Cite this

Cederlöf, E., Holm, M., Kämpe, A., Ahola-Olli, A., Kantojärvi, K., Lähteenvuo, M., Ahti, J., Hietala, J., Häkkinen, K., Isometsä, E., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Kampman, O., Lahdensuo, K., Lönnqvist, J., Tiihonen, J., Turunen, H., Wegelius, A., Veijola, J., Kieseppä, T., ... Paunio, T. (2025). Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders. Psychological Medicine, 55, Article e117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000844

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title = "Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders",

abstract = "Background Sleep problems are common in psychotic disorders and are associated with worse quality of life and disease prognosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed genetic influences for schizophrenia and sleep, but polygenic scores (PGSs) for sleep traits have not been evaluated systematically in patients with psychotic disorders. Methods This study investigated the associations between PGSs for sleep traits (insomnia, PGSINS; sleep duration, PGSSD; short sleep duration, PGSSS; long sleep duration; PGSLS), diurnal preference (eveningness, PGSME), and schizophrenia (PGSSZ) with clinical features of psychotic disorders in the Finnish SUPER study comprising 8,232 patients with psychotic disorders. The measures included self-reported sleep and well-being, cognitive assessments, clozapine use, and functional outcomes. Using FinnGen data of 356,077 individuals, we analyzed the distributions of PGSs in psychotic and bipolar disorders and the general population. Results PGSINS associated with more sleep problems and worse well-being (e.g. worse health-related quality of life [β = -0.07, CI = -0.09, -0.05, p < .001]). High PGSSZ is associated with better sleep quality, worse clinical outcomes, and performance in cognitive tests (e.g. more errors in paired-associated learning [β = 0.07, CI = 0.04, 0.09, p < .001]). PGSINS was higher in affective psychotic and bipolar disorders, while PGSSD and PGSME were higher in schizophrenia as compared with individuals with no psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Genetic risks for sleep and diurnal preference vary between non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, and the general population. The findings in this study emphasize the heterogeneity in genetic etiology of the objective features of disease severity and the more subjective measures related to well-being and self-reported measures of sleep.",

keywords = "cognition, polygenic scores, psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, sleep, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry",

author = "Erik Cederl{\"o}f and Minna Holm and Anders K{\"a}mpe and Ari Ahola-Olli and Katri Kantoj{\"a}rvi and Markku L{\"a}hteenvuo and Johan Ahti and Jarmo Hietala and Katja H{\"a}kkinen and Erkki Isomets{\"a} and Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson and Olli Kampman and Kaisla Lahdensuo and Jouko L{\"o}nnqvist and Jari Tiihonen and Hannu Turunen and Asko Wegelius and Juha Veijola and Tuula Kiesepp{\"a} and Aarno Palotie and Tiina Paunio",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1017/S0033291725000844",

language = "English",

volume = "55",

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Cederlöf, E, Holm, M, Kämpe, A, Ahola-Olli, A, Kantojärvi, K, Lähteenvuo, M, Ahti, J, Hietala, J, Häkkinen, K, Isometsä, E , Tuulio-Henriksson, A , Kampman, O, Lahdensuo, K, Lönnqvist, J, Tiihonen, J, Turunen, H, Wegelius, A, Veijola, J, Kieseppä, T , Palotie, A & Paunio, T 2025, 'Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders', Psychological Medicine, vol. 55, e117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000844

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sleep and schizophrenia polygenic scores in non-affective and affective psychotic disorders

AU - Cederlöf, Erik

AU - Holm, Minna

AU - Kämpe, Anders

AU - Ahola-Olli, Ari

AU - Kantojärvi, Katri

AU - Lähteenvuo, Markku

AU - Ahti, Johan

AU - Hietala, Jarmo

AU - Häkkinen, Katja

AU - Isometsä, Erkki

AU - Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari

AU - Kampman, Olli

AU - Lahdensuo, Kaisla

AU - Lönnqvist, Jouko

AU - Tiihonen, Jari

AU - Turunen, Hannu

AU - Wegelius, Asko

AU - Veijola, Juha

AU - Kieseppä, Tuula

AU - Palotie, Aarno

AU - Paunio, Tiina

PY - 2025/4/15

Y1 - 2025/4/15

N2 - Background Sleep problems are common in psychotic disorders and are associated with worse quality of life and disease prognosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed genetic influences for schizophrenia and sleep, but polygenic scores (PGSs) for sleep traits have not been evaluated systematically in patients with psychotic disorders. Methods This study investigated the associations between PGSs for sleep traits (insomnia, PGSINS; sleep duration, PGSSD; short sleep duration, PGSSS; long sleep duration; PGSLS), diurnal preference (eveningness, PGSME), and schizophrenia (PGSSZ) with clinical features of psychotic disorders in the Finnish SUPER study comprising 8,232 patients with psychotic disorders. The measures included self-reported sleep and well-being, cognitive assessments, clozapine use, and functional outcomes. Using FinnGen data of 356,077 individuals, we analyzed the distributions of PGSs in psychotic and bipolar disorders and the general population. Results PGSINS associated with more sleep problems and worse well-being (e.g. worse health-related quality of life [β = -0.07, CI = -0.09, -0.05, p < .001]). High PGSSZ is associated with better sleep quality, worse clinical outcomes, and performance in cognitive tests (e.g. more errors in paired-associated learning [β = 0.07, CI = 0.04, 0.09, p < .001]). PGSINS was higher in affective psychotic and bipolar disorders, while PGSSD and PGSME were higher in schizophrenia as compared with individuals with no psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Genetic risks for sleep and diurnal preference vary between non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, and the general population. The findings in this study emphasize the heterogeneity in genetic etiology of the objective features of disease severity and the more subjective measures related to well-being and self-reported measures of sleep.

AB - Background Sleep problems are common in psychotic disorders and are associated with worse quality of life and disease prognosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed genetic influences for schizophrenia and sleep, but polygenic scores (PGSs) for sleep traits have not been evaluated systematically in patients with psychotic disorders. Methods This study investigated the associations between PGSs for sleep traits (insomnia, PGSINS; sleep duration, PGSSD; short sleep duration, PGSSS; long sleep duration; PGSLS), diurnal preference (eveningness, PGSME), and schizophrenia (PGSSZ) with clinical features of psychotic disorders in the Finnish SUPER study comprising 8,232 patients with psychotic disorders. The measures included self-reported sleep and well-being, cognitive assessments, clozapine use, and functional outcomes. Using FinnGen data of 356,077 individuals, we analyzed the distributions of PGSs in psychotic and bipolar disorders and the general population. Results PGSINS associated with more sleep problems and worse well-being (e.g. worse health-related quality of life [β = -0.07, CI = -0.09, -0.05, p < .001]). High PGSSZ is associated with better sleep quality, worse clinical outcomes, and performance in cognitive tests (e.g. more errors in paired-associated learning [β = 0.07, CI = 0.04, 0.09, p < .001]). PGSINS was higher in affective psychotic and bipolar disorders, while PGSSD and PGSME were higher in schizophrenia as compared with individuals with no psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Genetic risks for sleep and diurnal preference vary between non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, and the general population. The findings in this study emphasize the heterogeneity in genetic etiology of the objective features of disease severity and the more subjective measures related to well-being and self-reported measures of sleep.

KW - cognition

KW - polygenic scores

KW - psychotic disorders

KW - schizophrenia

KW - sleep

KW - 3124 Neurology and psychiatry

U2 - 10.1017/S0033291725000844

DO - 10.1017/S0033291725000844

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105002750986

SN - 0033-2917

VL - 55

JO - Psychological Medicine

JF - Psychological Medicine

M1 - e117

ER -