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Henkilökohtainen profiili

Ansioluettelo

Mikel Garant is originally from Tennessee and has been teaching Translation at the University of Helsinki since 1996. His academic interests include Innovations in Education, Applied English Translation Studies, Language for Specific Purposes (LSP), Russian, Japanese, American and Finnish Studies, Change Management, Business and Organizational Communication. He earned his BA in Political Science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, his MSc in Teaching English for Specific Purposes at Aston University, Birmingham England and his doctorate in Organizational Communication at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland and has been a Japanese National Scholar at Nara University of Education and Osaka University. He has been a visiting professor at institutions all over the world.

Full Name Mikel Del Garant

Home address Hatolantie 5

FIN33430 Vuorentausta                                                                           

Finland

Cell phone +358 44 970 2533

Citizenship: United States of America

 

Teacher Training

Teacher Certification for Finnish Public Schools

(Todistus opettajan pedagogisten opintojen suorittamisesta)

University of Tampere

Faculty of Education

14 August 2003

 

Finland English Teacher Competence (55 credits)

University of Tampere

28 March 2002

 

Education

Certificates available on request

UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ, Jyväskylä, Finland. Doctoral Degree (FT) in Organizational Communication. 1997. Intercultural teaching and learning: English as a foreign language education in Finland and Japan. Jyväskylä Studies in Communication No. 8. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/24960

ASTON UNIVERSITY, Birmingham, England. MSc in Teaching English for Specific Purposes, August 1993. PGCE teacher qualification 1992. Course included Methodology, Course and Syllabus Design, Sociolinguistics, Discourse Analysis, Classroom Research, Lexical Studies, Theoretical Grammar and Thesis.

Supervisor for Dissertation: Dr. Julian Edge

NARA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, Japan. Japanese National (Monbusho) Scholar, Monbusho Research Certificate, March 1996.

Supervisor: Professor Hiroshi Kita

OSAKA UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES, Japan. Japanese Language Certificate, March 1995.

UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE, Finland. ISEP Exchange Student, 1987-89; Degree student 1990-1997, studied International Relations specializing in socialist political systems, Russian translation, Finnish Studies, American Studies Certificate 12/1993; Regionalism in East Asia Certificate 4/1994.

UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, United States, Bachelor of Arts, Political Science, May 1990

 

Current Work Experience

 

University of Helsinki, 1996 – present. Department of Modern Languages, Finland. Appointed Adjunct Professor (Dosentti) of Applied English Translation Studies on September 16, 2008. Appointed University Lecturer (= US Associate Professor) 2007 – present. Appointed Lecturer 1996. Acting Professor of Language Theory and Translation, 2001.

 

Tampere University of Applied Sciences, International Business Program, Lecturer

(Part-time), 2001 - 2016. Taught Business Communication, Organizational Communication,

MBA Change Management and Japanese, Russian and American Studies.

 

Previous Work Experience

 

University of Helsinki, Department of Adult and Continuing Education, Finland. 1996 - 2006. Part-time/Contract work.

University of Tampere, Finland, 1996. Taught English oral communication in businesses, Communication and Japan Studies.

Nara University of Education, 1994 - 1996. Japan. Japanese National (Monbusho) Scholar. Researched Japanese education.

Keski-Suomen Opisto, Finland. English Instructor, 1994. Taught English speech communication/EAP.

University of Jyväskylä, Finland, 1994. Taught English speech communication/EAP.

Kanra Board of Education, Kanra, Japan, Assistant English Teacher, 1991 - 1993. Taught EFL and American Studies to junior high school, children and adult classes. Assisted in international activities. Selected through JET PROGRAM, Consulate of Japan, Atlanta.

Bulgakov Center, Knoxville, TN, USA. Founder and Executive Director, 7/1989-7/92.

Organized, planned the curriculum, advertised and administered study abroad programs between Ukrainian Universities and US students and faculty from Harvard, Whitworth, Kansas, Tennessee, Minnesota, Kansas State and North Carolina State and Tampere Universities. Received USIS/NAFSA travel grant.

AAC Opisto, Tampere, Finland, EFL Teacher, 11/1989-7/90. Taught EFL and ESP to Finnish executives and engineers. Designed and produced teaching materials.

Ystävyysmatkat, Helsinki, Finland, Manager of North America, 12/1988-11/89. Dealt with Soviet organizations. Designed, administered and marketed study abroad programs and tours in the USSR for Americans, Europeans and Asians. Sputnik-Finnish joint venture.

LS Kieliopisto, Tampere, Finland, EFL Teacher, 10/1987-12/88. Taught EFL and ESP to Finnish executives and engineers. Designed and produced teaching materials.

US Congress, Washington, DC, USA, Intern in the office of Representative Bart Gordon, Tennessee Delegation with Senator James Sassar and Senator Albert Gore, Jr, 1987. Did public relations, research, administration and fund raising.

Stones River National Battlefield (USNPS), Murfreesboro, TN, USA, Seasonal historian/volunteer, 1973-1987. Youngest person certified to teach living history and handle firearms in the history of the United States National Park Service.

Tennessee State Legislature, Nashville, TN, USA, Intern, 1987. Did research, and administration.

Tennessee Department of Conservation, 1985-6. Archaeological worker. Dug colonial and Native American site.

Highlander Research and Education Center, 1984-7. Worked with renowned educator and Nobel prize nominee Myles Horton.

Selected Faculty Exchanges and guest teaching abroad

Fudan University, Shanghai, China, May 2011, June 2014, May 2016

Kyoto University, Japan, March 2010, June 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016

Fudan University, Shanghai, China, May 2011, June 2014, May 2016

ITMO Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics 2015, 2016

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, April 2008, 2009, 2010,

2011, 2012, May 2012 and April 2013, 2014, 2015

Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 2011

Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, October 2010

Madrid Technical University, Madrid, Spain, May 2010

Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, June 2009

Institute of DEMI Lobbying EU Institutions EU IP Project, Brussels, Belgium, 2 weeks, May 2007,

2008, 2009

Tallinn Technical University, Tallinn Estonia, 1 week, October 2008

IEEC, Paris, France, EU Benchmarking, 5 days, April 2008

Study Abroad Trip, New York, United States, 1 week, March 2008

Bruno Technical University, Bruno, Czech Republic, Business Conference, May 2007

Association of Business Communication Conference, City University of Hong Kong, China,

March 2007

Uddavalla University, Sweden, 1 week, September 2007

The University of Valenciennes, France, 2007

Intercollege Nicosia, Cyprus, 2006 and 2005

The University of Vic, Spain, 2005

Mariinsky State Technical University, Russia 2004

Tallinn Pedagogical University, Tallinn, Estonia 2000

Mercator Hogeschool, Ghent, Belgium 2001

Erasmus Hogeschool, Brussels, Belgium 2001

University of California at Berkeley, USA, 1998

 

Selected Leadership Experience

Editor in Chief, Current Trends in Translation and Learning, 2008 – present

Reserve Board Member, University of Helsinki OAJ Teachers’ Union 2016 - present

Board Member of AFinLA (Association finlandaise de linguistique appliquée) 2002- 2012

Appointed Entrance Test Committee 1997 - 2010

Appointed International Affairs Contact Person, 1997 - 2010

AFinLA (Association finlandaise de linguistique appliquée) 2009 Conference cochair

AFinLA (Association finlandaise de linguistique appliquée) 2007 Conference cochair

Elected Departmental Management Group ViceMember. 2007 -  2009

Estonian Higher Education Accreditation Center, Evaluation Board for Study Programs in

Translation, April 2002

Elected Departmental Management Group Member, 2001- 2004

 

Selected Grants

Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (KAKENHI) 2016 - 2018

TraST - Translation Studies and Terminology Research Community Travel Grants, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016

Erasmus Travel Grants, annually, 2001 - 2016

CIMO FIRST Travel Grants for Russia, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2010, 2011, 29012, 2013, 2014, 2015

Academy of Finland Travel Grants, for research with David Dalsky, Kyoto University, 2012

Academy of Finland Travel Grants, for research with Daria Kozlova, Saint Petersburg State

Polytechnic University, 2012

English Department Bonus Money Grants 2010, 2011, 2012

University of Helsinki Chancellors Travel Grants, 2001, 2007 and 2009

Departmental Finnish Learned Societies Promotion of International Cooperation

Grant for AFinLA (Association finlandaise de linguistique appliquée) Conference 2009

Departmental Academy of Finland Promotion of International Cooperation

Grant for AFinLA (Association finlandaise de linguistique appliquée) Conference 2007

 

Current Academic Positions of Trust and Responsibility

Chief Editor of Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning http://www.cttl.org/

Editorial Board of the International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/board2.cfm

Editorial Board of ESL Miniconference Online http://www.eslminiconf.net/edboard.html

Editorial Board Comparative Legilinguistics  http://legilinguistics.amu.edu.pl/      

Consultant for Translation Studies for Routledge Publishing

 

Language Skills

English native speaker

Finnish fluent (work and translation language since 1996)

Japanese intermediate

Russian intermediate

Finnish Sign Language intermediate

 

Hobbies

Tampere Rotary Club International

Go Go Fitness Club

Plan adopted godchild

Travel

History

Culture

Languages

 

Teaching Portfolio

I am originally from Tennessee and have been teaching Translation at the University of Helsinki since 1996.  My scholarly books and articles have concentrated on Innovation in Education, Translation Teaching and Learning, and English Language Teaching (ELT), Japanese, American and Finnish Studies as well as Business and Organizational Communication.  I hold the position of Docent (Adjunct Professor) of Applied English Translation Studies at the University of Helsinki and, from 2001 - 2016, Part-time Lecturer of International Business at Tampere University of Applied Science.  I earned my BA in Political Science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, an MSc at Aston University, Birmingham, England and my Doctorate in Organizational Communication at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland.  I have also been an Assistant Language Teacher in Japanese junior high schools through the Japan Exchange Teaching Program (CLAIR), a Japanese National Scholar (Monbusho) at Nara University of Education and Osaka University of Foreign Studies and have been a visiting professor at many institutions all over the world.

 

Statement of Teaching Philosophy

Like other practitioners in the field, my basic philosophy of language and translation teaching and learning has evolved‚ and will continue to do so‚ over the years. The guiding principle in my teaching is now social constructivism which emphasizes the importance of culture and context in understanding what occurs in society and constructing knowledge based on this understanding.  In contemporary Finnish society, integrated computer technology plays a major role.  I believe that translation teaching should incorporate ICT as mine does. In addition, I emphasize learner-centered teaching methods by encouraging on-going assessment of my teaching as well as direct input from the students as to materials and themes that my courses cover. 

 

It is my belief that teachers should take charge of their own individual development as teachers, researchers, or administrators. The activities we as teachers are engaged in such as presenting new ideas at professional conferences, publishing research, participating in professional organizations and other activities have a significant impact on our work. Rather than viewing the development of teaching as the mastery of prevailing principles and theories that have been laid down by others, individual teachers should devise their own workable teaching models based on experience as both a teacher and learner of languages. Rather than just keep abreast of changes, we can lead them and find our own "niche" in the field of education. I feel my continual involvement in learning, teaching, training, materials development, and committee work over the last several years demonstrates my attitudes towards our profession.

Materials Production, Courses Taught and Student Feedback

I have developed materials for numerous courses over the years using Integrated Computer Technology (Moodle, Memsource, Wordfast and other programs and applications) and traditional materials production both in the form of handouts, PowerPoint presentations,  and lectures.The great diversity in the courses that I have taught and the overwhelming satisfaction of the learners involved speaks for itself (see also below).

Current Academic Teaching Responsibilities

PhD supervisor: Larry Walker’s UNBINDING THE JAPANESE NOVEL IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION: The Alfred A. Knopf Program, 1955-1977. Defended 2015 https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/156395

Supervisor or examiner for sixty five (65+) MA theses in Translation Studies, English Philology and MBAs. http://www.helsinki.fi/englanninkaantaminen/tutkimus/opinnaytteet.html

Current Courses

Department of Translation Studies, University of Helsinki

Interpretation (Finnish –English – Finnish)

Business Translation Finnish into English (an option at the Intermediate and Advanced level for Translation Department students specializing in legal translation)

Law Translation Finnish into English (an option at the Intermediate and Advanced level for Translation Department students specializing in legal translation)

Documentation Finnish into English (an option at the Intermediate and Advanced level for Translation Department students specializing in Documentation)

American Studies (student satisfaction (9.1 out of 10)

Interaction and Interpretation

Examiner for Masters Theses. See item 5.

PhD supervisor. See item 5.

 

Selected Additional Courses for 2001-2016

Department of Translation Studies, University of Helsinki

Translation I, Finnish-English (student satisfaction 4.2 out of 5)

Palmenia Center for Adult Education, University of Helsinki

Teaching English as a Foreign Language (course was so well received it resulted in a two week invitation to conduct a similar course - seminar in Russia)

School of Modern Languages, University of Tampere

Grammar 1 and 2 (student satisfaction 8.7 out of 10)

Teaching English as a Foreign Language

Linguistics 1 and 2 (student satisfaction 9.3 out of 10)

Translation I

Supervisor and Examiner for Masters and PhD Theses

 

Test Lectures

For Docent ship in Applied English Translation Studies

Department of Translation Studies, University of Helsinki, 14.4.2008

Grade: Good

* included Finnish language competence for workplace and administration certification

 

For Lectureship in English Translation Studies

Department of Translation Studies, University of Helsinki, 29.4.1996

Grade: Excellent


List of Publications

Monograph

1997. Intercultural teaching and learning: English as a foreign language education in Finland and

Japan. Jyväskylä Studies in Communication No. 8. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä Press.

Retrieved May 1, 2016: https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/24960

 

Dictionaries

2005. Korkeakoulusanasto [Higher Education Glossary]. Yliopistopaino Kustannus/Helsinki

University Press. Niina Elomaa (Ed.) Member of English Terminology Translation Workgroup

with L. Möttölä and M. Huhta.

 

Refereed Edited Volumes

2015. Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E, 2. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto, nykykielten laitos. 320 p. (Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E; vol. 2. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/cttl-e-2015.html

 2014. Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E. Garant, M. 26 Nov 2014 1 ed. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto, nykykielten laitos. 226 p. (Current Trends in Translation

Teaching and Learning E; vol. 1) Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/cttl-e-2014.html

2013. Current trends in translation teaching and learning, Vol. 4. Helsinki: University of Helsinki

Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2013-edition.html

2011. Current Trends in training European Translators & Interpreters. With Mari

PakkalaWeckström. Helsinki: University of Helsinki Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2011-esse-10-papers.html

2010. Ammatillinen viestintä, koulutus ja kulttuuri Professional communication, education and

culture. With Mirja Kinnunen (toim.). AFinLAn vuosikirja No 68. 122. Retrieved May 1, 2016:

2010. Current trends in translation teaching and learning, Vol. 3. Helsinki: University of Helsinki

Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2010-edition.html

2008. Globalization and Localization: Finnish Association of Applied Linguistics AFinLA

Yearbook Number 65. With Helin, I, & YliJokipii, H. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä Press.

2008. Current trends in translation teaching and learning, Vol. 2. With L. Walker. Helsinki:

University of Helsinki Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2008-edition.html

2006. Current trends in translation teaching and learning, Vol. 1. Helsinki: University of Helsinki

Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2006-edition.html

 

Articles in refereed publications

2016. A 5000-mile virtual collaboration of team teaching and team learning. With Dalsky, D. in Team Teaching and Team Learning in the Language Classroom: Collaboration for

Innovation in ELT. Dalsky, D., Stewart, T. & Tajino, A. (eds.). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, p. 164 – 178.

2015. Widening the Range of Research in Translation Education. Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E, 2. Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Department of Translation Studies, Vol. 2, p. 1 - 4 4 p. 1. (Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E; vol. 2). Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/uploads/5/2/4/3/5243866/intro_cttl_2015.pdf

2012. Curriculum Development in English Translation at the University of Helsinki. LICE-2015 London International Conference on Education 2015 Proceedings.  Garant, M. 11 Nov 2015 p. 100 104 p.

2015. Case study: Teaching Finnish - English Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) Legal Translation at the University of Helsinki. Comparative Legilinguistics. 16/2013, p. 39-54.

2013 Preface. Current trends in translation teaching and learning, Vol. 4. Helsinki: University of

Helsinki Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/cttl-e-2014.html

2012. Eclassroom collaboration on research papers : A case study of Japan and Finland. With

D. Dalsky. Kyoto Journal.

2012. Information Retrieval among Undergraduate English Translation Students at the

University of Helsinki. With Eskelinen, E. Arab Journal of World English. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.awej.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=230:juha-eskelinen-and-mikel-garant&catid=39&Itemid=138

2011. Towards a multifaceted interactive translation teaching method. With Juha Eskelinen, In

Current Trends in training European Translators & Interpreters. With Mari PakkalaWeckström.

Helsinki: University of Helsinki Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2011-esse-10-papers.html

2010. Introduction. AFinLA Yearbook 2010 Number 68. With M. Kinnunen. Jyväskylä: University

of Jyväskylä Press.

2010. Introduction. AFinLAE: Applied Linguistics Research Number 2 (2010) with M. Kinnunen.

Introduction. AFinLA Yearbook 2010 Number 68.: Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/afinla/article/view/3879.

2010. Introduction. Current trends in translation teaching and learning, Vol. 3. Helsinki: University of Helsinki Press. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2010-edition.html

2009. A case for holistic translation assessment. AFinLAn vuosikirja 2009 / N:o67. Jyväskylä. Jyväskylä University Press. 5 – 17. Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/afinla/article/download/2612/2402

2006. Editorial. In M. Garant, (Ed.). 2006. Current trends in translation teaching and learning.

Helsinki: University of Helsinki Press. 7. ¨

2006. Some current trends for translation teaching and learning in Finland. In J. Kearns (Ed.), A

special issue of translation Ireland: New vistas in translator and interpreter training. 6568.

2006. Effective translation projects: Translating web pages for the Finnish business community.

In M. Garant, (Ed.). 2006. Current trends in translation teaching and learning. Helsinki: University

of Helsinki Press. 81- 88. Retrieved May 1, 2016: Retrieved May 1, 2016: http://www.cttl.org/2006-edition.html

2003. Expanding the language knowledge base. Academic Exchange Quarterly. Vol. 7, Issue 1.

4.

2001. Language teaching and learning. Academic Exchange Quarterly. Vol. 5, Issue 3. 204.

2001. Cultural variability: Teacher development in a translation studies department in Finland.

With Franzon, J. & Immonen, L. Academic Exchange Quarterly, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 9499.

2000. The reintroduction of oral entrance examinations at a translation studies department. With

Immonen, L. in Kalaja, P. & Nieminen, L. (Eds.). Kielikoulussa kieli koulussa. AFinLA Yearbook

2000, 58, 265-280.

2000. English as a foreign language testing and university admission in Finland and Japan. Asian

Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol. 10 (pp. 115-135). Hong Kong: Chinese University

Press.

1992. Traditional, nontraditional and semitraditional team teaching. The Language Teacher,

JALT, No. 11, 2.

 

Articles in books (edited collections)

2001. Case study: Variation of assessment practices in translator education. With Garant, J. In

P. Kukkonen & R. HartamaHeinonen (Eds.), Missions, visions, strategies, values (pp. 45-58).

Helsinki: University of Helsinki Press.

1995. My journey east. In P. Cominos and M. Wada, (Eds.), Japanese schools: Reflections and

insights (pp. 208-220). Tokyo: Yamaguchi Shoten Publishing Company.

1995. Intercultural differences in foreign language classroom discourse in Japan and Finland. In

L. SaloLee (Ed.), Language and culture in teaching and learning (pp. 127-152). Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä.

1994. Designing and analyzing materials for Japanese junior high schools. In A. Cominas & M.

Wada (Eds.), Studies in team teaching. (pp. 104-118).Tokyo: Kenkyusha Publishing.

Winter 1993. Toward a syllabus for teamteaching. JET Journal, CLAIR (pp. 92-101).

*won special prize in The JET Program Essay Competition.

1998. Team teaching in the communicative classroom: An activity book for JTEs and AETs in

Japanese junior and senior high schools. Celebrity introductions (pp. 30-31).

Japan: Taishukan.

1998. Team teaching in the communicative classroom: An activity book for JTEs and AETs in

Japanese junior and senior high schools. Celebrity introductions (pp. 35-36).

Japan: Taishukan.

1998. Team teaching in the communicative classroom: An activity book for JTEs and AETs in

Japanese junior and senior high schools. TV newspaper schedule (pp. 35-36).

Japan:

Taishukan.

1998. Team teaching in the communicative classroom: An activity book for JTEs and AETs in

Japanese junior and senior high schools. Who is He/She? (pp. 21-22).

Japan: Taishukan.

1998. Team teaching in the communicative classroom: An activity book for JTEs and AETs in

Japanese junior and senior high schools. Jan Kin Pon Game (pp. 21-22).

Japan: Taishukan.

 

 

Offical Government Reports

Joint Final Report: University of Tartu. With Lazlo Komlosi, Irmeli Helin and Pertti Hietaranta.

Estonian Higher Education Accreditation Centre Report. Tallinn, Estonia 2002.

Joint Final Report: Eurouniversity. With Lazlo Komlosi, Irmeli Helin and Pertti Hietaranta.

Estonian Higher Education Accreditation Centre Report. Tallinn, Estonia 2002.

Joint Final Report: Tallinn Pedagogical University. With Lazlo Komlosi, Irmeli Helin and Pertti

Hietaranta. Estonian Higher Education Accreditation Centre Report. Tallinn, Estonia 2002.

 

Teaching Materials

September 1991 July

1993 (monthly). One point English lesson. Kanra Town Newspaper.

1993. Broken hearts and scrambled eggs and other classroom activities from Gunma AETs’,

Aitchison, G. (Ed.). Gunma, Japan. (contributed).

 

Popular articles

February- March 1999. News from Finnish studies program: Helsinki visitor talks on second

language acquisition. Center for Western European Studies Newsletter. Berkeley: University of

California.

January 2000. Finnish mobile phone culture. Popmatters.com. Chicago, USA (Cited December

23, 1999) http://www.popmatters.com

December 1999. Finnish formula racing. Popmatters.com. Chicago, USA (Cited December 23,

1999) http://www.popmatters.com

January 26, 2000. Distance learning: The utilization of computers. Chronicle of Higher Education:

Colloquy. Washington DC, USA (Cited April 2, 2000)

http://www.chronicle.com/colloquy/2000/eliteu/24.htm

August 25, 1999. Myles Horton: Adult educator and class. Chronicle of Higher Education:

Colloquy. Washington DC, USA (Cited January 10, 2000)

http://www.chronicle.com/colloquy/99/workingclass/55.htm

June 23, 1999. Misplaced blame. Chronicle of Higher Education: Colloquy. Washington DC, USA

(Cited January 10, 2000) http://www.chronicle.com/colloquy/99/genderbias/64.htm

May 5, 1999. Many older American professors brag openly. Chronicle of Higher Education:

Colloquy. Washington DC, USA (Cited January 10, 2000)

http://www.chronicle.com/colloquy/99/graduate/148.htm

References available on request