My research fields include the physiology of xylem and phloem transport of water and sugars, xylem cavitation and cavitation reversal, the linkage of xylem and phloem structure and function at the whole tree level, tree’s water and carbon exchange with the atmosphere and soil, cambial growth, soil water relations, the response of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and growth to drought and freezing, and the development of models to interprete various ecophysiological measurements such as the stem diameter change measurements, stem CO2 efflux measurements, and heat based xylem sap flow measurements.