Estimation of poverty rate and quintile share ratio for domains and small areas

Abstract
In the paper, we consider the estimation of indicators on poverty and social exclusion for population subgroups or domains and small areas. For at-risk-of poverty rate, we discuss indirect design-based estimators including model-assisted logistic generalized regression estimators and various model calibration estimators. Logistic mixed models are used in these methods. For quintile share ratio, indirect model-based synthetic estimators and calibration-based predictor-type methods using linear mixed models are considered. Unit-level auxiliary data are incorporated in the estimation procedures for these methods. We present a method called frequency-calibration or n-calibration to be used for quintile share ratio estimation in cases where aggregate level auxiliary data only are available. Design-based direct estimators that do not use auxiliary data and models are used as baseline methods. Design bias and accuracy of estimators are evaluated with design-based simulation experiments using real register data maintained by Statistics Finland and semi-synthetic data generated from the EU-SILC survey.