Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings

J. Uusitalo; L. Arppe; T. Hackman; S. Helama; G. Kovaltsov; K. Mielikäinen; H. Mäkinen; P. Nöjd; V. Palonen; I. Usoskin; M. Oinonen

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1

Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings

J. Uusitalo, L. Arppe, T. Hackman, S. Helama, G. Kovaltsov, K. Mielikäinen, H. Mäkinen, P. Nöjd, V. Palonen, I. Usoskin, M. Oinonen

Tutkimustuotos: Artikkelijulkaisu › Artikkeli › Tieteellinen › vertaisarvioitu

Abstrakti

Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer.

Alkuperäiskieli	englanti
Artikkeli	3495
Lehti	Nature Communications
Vuosikerta	9
Numero	1
Sivumäärä	8
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1
Tila	Julkaistu - 28 elok. 2018
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä, vertaisarvioitu

Lisätietoja

Correction:
Nature communications 10, article number: 1292 (2019)
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09214-w

Tieteenalat

115 Avaruustieteet ja tähtitiede

Pääsy asiakirjaan

10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1Lisenssi: CC BY

s41467-018-05883-1Lopullinen julkaistu versio, 1,22 MBLisenssi: CC BY
CORRECTION-s41467-019-09214-wLopullinen julkaistu versio, 371 KBLisenssi: CC BY

1 Päättynyt
1 Aktiivinen

Plant physiology as palaeoenvironmental proxy: Amalgamation of mid and late Holocene tree-ring evidence from carbon isotopes and growth rates (CARATE)
Oinonen, M., Hilasvuori, E., Helama, S. & Mielikäinen, K.
31/10/2010 → …
Projekti: Tutkimusprojekti
QUANOMAL: Menneisyys numeroina - Ympäristöanomalioiden tutkimukset puun vuosilustojen kautta (QUANOMAL)
Oinonen, M., Uusitalo, J., Arppe, L., Nöjd, P., Mäkinen, H., Helama, S. & Timonen, M.
01/09/2015 → 31/08/2019
Projekti: Tutkimusprojekti

Ajoituslaboratorio
Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo
Laitteistot/tilat: Laitteet

Talk at the international workshop
Markku Oinonen (Puhuja)
28 maalisk. 2022
Aktiviteetti: Puhe- tai esitystyypit › Suullinen esitys

Siteeraa tätä

@article{9b64f0fd3f224abf95cd78b10b650c59,

title = "Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings",

abstract = "Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer.",

keywords = "115 Astronomy, Space science, FINNISH LAPLAND, C-14, ATMOSPHERE, INCREASE, BE-10, RADIOCARBON, TROPOPAUSE, SIGNALS, CARBON, MODEL",

author = "J. Uusitalo and L. Arppe and T. Hackman and S. Helama and G. Kovaltsov and K. Mielik{\"a}inen and H. M{\"a}kinen and P. N{\"o}jd and V. Palonen and I. Usoskin and M. Oinonen",

note = "Correction: Nature communications 10, article number: 1292 (2019) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09214-w ",

year = "2018",

month = aug,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

journal = "Nature Communications",

issn = "2041-1723",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings

AU - Uusitalo, J.

AU - Arppe, L.

AU - Hackman, T.

AU - Helama, S.

AU - Kovaltsov, G.

AU - Mielikäinen, K.

AU - Mäkinen, H.

AU - Nöjd, P.

AU - Palonen, V.

AU - Usoskin, I.

AU - Oinonen, M.

N1 - Correction: Nature communications 10, article number: 1292 (2019) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09214-w

PY - 2018/8/28

Y1 - 2018/8/28

N2 - Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer.

AB - Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer.

KW - 115 Astronomy, Space science

KW - FINNISH LAPLAND

KW - C-14

KW - ATMOSPHERE

KW - INCREASE

KW - BE-10

KW - RADIOCARBON

KW - TROPOPAUSE

KW - SIGNALS

KW - CARBON

KW - MODEL

U2 - 10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1

DO - 10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 9

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

IS - 1

M1 - 3495

ER -

Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings

Abstrakti

Lisätietoja

Tieteenalat

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Projektit

Plant physiology as palaeoenvironmental proxy: Amalgamation of mid and late Holocene tree-ring evidence from carbon isotopes and growth rates (CARATE)

QUANOMAL: Menneisyys numeroina - Ympäristöanomalioiden tutkimukset puun vuosilustojen kautta (QUANOMAL)

Laitteet

Ajoituslaboratorio

Aktiviteetit

Talk at the international workshop

Siteeraa tätä