TY - JOUR
T1 - Surface engineering strategies to enhance the in situ performance of medical devices including atomic scale engineering
AU - Sultana, Afreen
AU - Zare, Mina
AU - Luo, Hongrong
AU - Ramakrishna, Seeram
N1 - Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of the UParis-NUS 2020, Under IdEX code: ANR-18-IDEX-00001, project number: 2020-06-R/UP-NUS, and Project title: Nanofibrous scaffold functionalized with extracellular vesicle for adaptive cardiac remodeling. There is no funding source for the APC charges.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as bio-materials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to microbial infection due to Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), hepatitis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more. Hence, a range of surface engineering strategies are devised in order to achieve desired biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance in situ. Surface engineering strategies are a group of techniques that alter or modify the surface properties of the material in order to obtain a product with desired functionalities. There are two categories of surface engineering methods: conventional surface engineering methods (such as coating, bioactive coating, plasma spray coating, hydrothermal, lithography, shot peening, and electrophoretic deposition) and emerging surface engineering methods (laser treatment, robot laser treatment, electrospinning, electrospray, additive manufacturing, and radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique). Atomic-scale engineering, such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer etching, plasma immersion ion deposition, and atomic layer deposition, is a subsection of emerging technology that has demonstrated improved control and flexibility at finer length scales than compared to the conventional methods. With the advancements in technologies and the demand for even better control of biomaterial surfaces, research efforts in recent years are aimed at the atomic scale and molecular scale while incorporating functional agents in order to elicit optimal in situ performance. The functional agents include synthetic materials (monolithic ZnO, quaternary ammonium salts, silver nano-clusters, titanium diox-ide, and graphene) and natural materials (chitosan, totarol, botanical extracts, and nisin). This review highlights the various strategies of surface engineering of biomaterial including their functional mechanism, applications, and shortcomings. Additionally, this review article emphasizes atomic scale engineering of biomaterials for fabricating antimicrobial biomaterials and explores their challenges.
AB - Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as bio-materials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to microbial infection due to Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), hepatitis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more. Hence, a range of surface engineering strategies are devised in order to achieve desired biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance in situ. Surface engineering strategies are a group of techniques that alter or modify the surface properties of the material in order to obtain a product with desired functionalities. There are two categories of surface engineering methods: conventional surface engineering methods (such as coating, bioactive coating, plasma spray coating, hydrothermal, lithography, shot peening, and electrophoretic deposition) and emerging surface engineering methods (laser treatment, robot laser treatment, electrospinning, electrospray, additive manufacturing, and radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique). Atomic-scale engineering, such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer etching, plasma immersion ion deposition, and atomic layer deposition, is a subsection of emerging technology that has demonstrated improved control and flexibility at finer length scales than compared to the conventional methods. With the advancements in technologies and the demand for even better control of biomaterial surfaces, research efforts in recent years are aimed at the atomic scale and molecular scale while incorporating functional agents in order to elicit optimal in situ performance. The functional agents include synthetic materials (monolithic ZnO, quaternary ammonium salts, silver nano-clusters, titanium diox-ide, and graphene) and natural materials (chitosan, totarol, botanical extracts, and nisin). This review highlights the various strategies of surface engineering of biomaterial including their functional mechanism, applications, and shortcomings. Additionally, this review article emphasizes atomic scale engineering of biomaterials for fabricating antimicrobial biomaterials and explores their challenges.
KW - Antimicro-bial activity
KW - Atomic scale engineering
KW - Biomaterials
KW - Medical devices
KW - Modern surface engineering
KW - Surface engineering
KW - Traditional surface engineering
U2 - 10.3390/ijms222111788
DO - 10.3390/ijms222111788
M3 - Review Article
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 22
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 21
M1 - 11788
ER -