The Media in the Core of Political Conflict: Venezuela During the Last Years of Hugo Chávez’s Presidency

Virpi Irmeli Salojärvi

The Media in the Core of Political Conflict: Venezuela During the Last Years of Hugo Chávez’s Presidency

Tutkimustuotos: Opinnäyte › Väitöskirja › Monografia

Abstrakti

Väitöskirjassa tutkitaan median roolia Venezuelan poliittisessa konfliktissa presidentti Hugo Chávezin hallinnon (1999-2013) aikana. Konflikti on määritelty tutkimuksessa antagonismiksi, jossa poliittinen vastustaja nähdään vihollisena eikä tasavertaisena vastustajana. Yksityinen media oli tärkeä taloudellinen ja poliittinen toimija jo ennen Chávezin aikaa klientelistisen perinteen seurauksena. Chávez kyseenalaisti edeltävien hallitusten neoliberalistiset toimet ja sovelsi 21. vuosisadan sosialismiaan, joka koski myös mediapolitiikkaa. Monet yksityiset mediat tulkitsivat Chávezin uudet, radikaalit linjaukset hyökkäyksenä vapaata mediaa vastaan, mistä seurasi konflikti yksityisen mediasektorin ja hallituksen ja valtionmedian välillä.

Venezuelan kärjistynyt mediapoliittinen tilanne on otollinen kenttä hegemonioiden rakentumisen tutkimukselle populistisessa kontekstissa. Mediakentän polarisoitunut tilanne yhteiskunnassa, jossa politiikka on tunkeutunut elämän jokaiselle tasolle, tarjoaa myös mielenkiintoisen mahdollisuuden median yhteiskunnallisen roolin tarkasteluun. Väitöskirjan keskiössä on hegemonian sisäinen rakentuminen monesta eri ryhmästä, vaikka makrotasolla hegemoniaa pidetäänkin yhtenä yhtenäisenä voimana. Tästä syystä yhtenäisyyden rakentaminen, tunne meistä , nousee tärkeäksi. Tutkimus lähestyy tätä teemaa teoreettisesti hegemonian, antagonismin ja populismin näkökulmista. Empiirisesti aihetta tarkastellaan tapaustutkimusten kautta, joissa keskitytään sanomalehtien sisältöihin ja eri mediatoimijoiden diskursseihin.

Tutkimuksesta nousee esille kolme keskeistä tulosta. Ensinnäkin Venezuelassa on kaksi populistista valtablokkia, chavistit ja oppositio, jotka pyrkivät luomaan (vasta)hegemonista voimaa ja saamaan kansan puolelleen. Toiseksi, hegemonioiden sisäisessä kamppailussa medialla on rooli yhtenäisyyttä tuottavana voimana, kollektiivisen identiteetin rakentajana, mikä nousee merkittäväksi valtakamppailussa. Kolmanneksi, populististen merkitsijöiden, kuten johtajan, kansan tai vihollisen, muodostuminen on prosessi, jossa kollektiivisella muistilla ja arvoilla on merkittävä rooli. Arvoja ei siis vain aseteta ylhäältä päin, vaan ne myös nousevat alhaalta käsin yksilöiden ja yhteisöjen omaksuessa eri arvoja ja tehden niistä henkilökohtaisia. Tällä tavoin venezuelalaiset rakentavat populististen merkitsijöiden sisältöä.

Alkuperäiskieli	englanti
Kustantaja	University of Helsinki
Painoksen ISBN	978-951-51-1091-6
Sähköinen ISBN	978-951-51-1092-3
Tila	Julkaistu - 17 syysk. 2016
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	G4 Tohtorinväitöskirja (monografia)

Tieteenalat

518 Media- ja viestintätieteet
Populismi
Latinalaisen Amerikan tutkimus
Venezuela
Demokratia
konfliktit

Pääsy asiakirjaan

http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-1092-3

Siteeraa tätä

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