Poland

The 2024 European Parliament election in Poland reflected significant political shifts and the growing influence of far-right discourse. While the ruling coalition of Civic Platform, Third Way, and The Left secured a majority of seats, the far-right Confederation achieved a breakthrough, driven by its effective social media engagement and appeal among young voters. The national debate was dominated by issues of economic instability, defence, and the European Green Deal, often framed through nationalist and anti-migrant narratives. Analysis of TikTok and Instagram feeds revealed that right-wing and far-right content, particularly on TikTok, achieved higher visibility and ability to engage emotionally, while left-wing content remained marginal. Social media algorithms amplified grievance-driven, polarising messages that normalised extremist rhetoric. The findings highlight the transformation of political communication in Poland, where visual and viral content has become a key mechanism shaping voter perceptions and reinforcing ideological divides.