Sattumaa vai johdatusta? Jumalan kaitselmus ja tahdonvapaus skolastisessa teologiassa

The doctrine of divine providence asserts that God directs all created beings towards an end, according to a plan pre-existing in the divine mind. In philosophical theology, this raises the question of how the freedom of human willing is to be reconciled with divine providence. If the choices of human beings are really free, are they not able to deviate from the divine plan, frustrating divine providence in the process? In this article, I introduce some of the main problems considered and positions taken by the late medieval theologians in reconciling divine providence and human freedom.