The absent presence of the deportation apparatus: methodological challenges in the production of knowledge on immigration detention

Due to the difficulties in accessing detention facilities, the discussion on immigration detention often draws on limited empirical data with varying degrees of attention paid to the heterogeneity of the detained population and their different stakes in an impending removal. Although a closed institution, various legal and administrative processes related to the enforcement of immigration decisions render immigration detention a relational field. Drawing on my fieldwork experiences while conducting multi-sited ethnographic research on the immigration detention system in Finland, I discuss how methodological choices, theoretical presuppositions and circumstantial factors affect the production of knowledge on immigration detention. I address the relevance of: 1) the case selection among detainees with considerably varying immigration histories, social situations and detention times; 2) a multi-sited research setting to conceive the various processes of immigration enforcement during detention; 3) an engaged research strategy to access detainees' first-hand knowledge of their immigration cases beyond dramatic representations; and 4) the employment of administrative data in contextualising empirical findings. I argue for the importance of examining detainees' negotiations with the deportation apparatus, which shapes available options for detainees as well as determines the outcome of detention from the 'outside', despite its absence in everyday life in detention.